Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is a critical event in the development and
progression of vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. We investigated whether the …

Background—AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a stress-activated protein kinase that
works as a metabolic sensor of cellular ATP levels. Here, we investigated whether AMPK …

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is regulated by various cellular stresses. Vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key regulator of angiogenesis, is also upregulated by …

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation promotes a synthetic phenotype that
underlies many vessel growth disorders. In this regard it has been suggested that the …

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the roles of AMPKα in the development of
vascular neointima hyperplasia and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods and …

Background—Aberrant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with several
cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. The mechanism by which aberrant ER …

Endothelial dysfunction is caused by many factors, such as dyslipidemia, endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) stress, and inflammation. It has been demonstrated that endothelial …

Introduction• AMPK structure and function• Role of AMPK in the heart• Role of AMPK in
endothelial cells• Role of AMPK in vascular smooth muscle cells• Role of AMPK in vascular …

Objective—Considerable evidence supports the early involvement of monocyte/macrophage
recruitment to activated endothelial cells by leukocyte adhesion molecules during …

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was initially identified as the kinase that
phosphorylates the 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate-limiting …