Background: Several epidemiological studies have found U‐or J‐shaped relationships
between alcohol intake and cardiovascular conditions. The influence of heavy drinking is …

Objectives: Pre-existing conditions have been postulated as possible causes of the J-
shaped relationship between alcohol intake and cardiovascular disease. Two research …

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the frequency
of alcohol consumption and stroke mortality among eastern Finnish men. Material and …

BACKGROUND: The patterns of total alcohol, beer and wine consumption were evaluated in
the German National Health Surveys. The impact of these habits on cardiovascular and all …

Objective: To investigate the long-term effects of the consumption of alcohol on mortality and
morbidity. Method: A sample of 32,185 (50.5% female) individuals was randomly selected …

Alcohol, both alone and in concert with deficiencies or excesses of other substances, can
produce cardiomyopathy. In addition, alcohol can directly affect the cardiac‐conduction …

Background: Cardioprotective effects of alcohol recently gained wide spread interest and
have been examined in several studies. Aim: To assess the effects of alcohol consumption …

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: There is controversy about the association between mild-
to-moderate alcohol consumption and a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. The …

Background and aims One of the most important risk factors for morbidity and mortality is the
consumption of alcohol. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of alcohol …

Background: Current alcohol intake has been associated with cardiovascular morbidity and
mortality. The effect of past and lifetime drinking has received less attention. In the present …