The human neck is vulnerable. In car accidents, inertia farces of the head can load or deform
the tissues of the neck beyond tolerabie limits, resulting in injury. Most neck injuries are …

A three-dimensional analytical model of the cervical spine is described. The cervical
vertebrae and the head are modeled as rigid bodies which are interconnected by …

An eleven-element lumped-parameter two-dimensional model of the human head-neck
system was developed to predict the motion of the head and neck under impact loadings …

Whiplash associated disorders are among the most common injuries reported for automotive
rear end impacts. Although these injuries are typically considered minor, their high …

A numerical procedure developed previously for predicting sagittal-plane motion of the
human head-neck system due to impact and impulsive loading has been extended to three …

ABSTRACT A three-dimensional finite element model of a human neck has been developed
in an effort to study the mechanics of cervical spine while subjected to impacts. The neck …

The three-dimensional head-neck model of Deng and Goldsmith (J. Biomech., 1987) was
adapted and implemented in the integrated multibody/finite element code MADYMO. The …

This study explores the inertial effects of the head and torso on cervical spine dynamics with
the specific goal of determining whether the head mass can provide a constraining cervical …

A three-dimensional, 54-degree-of-freedom computer model of the head/neck system is
presented and discussed. The model consists of nine rigid bodies representing the head …

Experimental studies using human volunteers are limited to low acceleration impacts while
whole cadavers, isolated cervical spine specimens, and impact dummies do not normally …