Introduction Monitoring of sanitation programs is often limited to sanitation access and
coverage, with little emphasis on use of the facilities despite increasing evidence of …

Although large-scale programs, like India's Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC), have
improved latrine coverage in rural settings, evidence suggests that actual use is suboptimal …

Open defecation, which is still practiced by about a billion people worldwide, is one of the
most compelling examples of how place influences health in developing countries. Efforts by …

Background Faced with a massive shortfall in meeting sanitation targets, some governments
have implemented campaigns that use subsidies focused on latrine construction to …

Regular usage of latrines is crucial to public health. This study was conducted in a Ghanaian
peri-urban setting to understand the factors that influence the usage of household and …

Background Open defecation is widely practiced in India. To improve sanitation and promote
better health, the Government of India (GOI) has instituted large scale sanitation …

Recent years have seen unparalleled efforts by the Swatchh Bharat Mission (SBM) to make
India open defecation free. While latrine coverage has been boosted very successfully …

Background In a low-income country like Bangladesh, where the poverty rate is higher in
rural compared to urban areas, the consistent use of sanitary latrines over time is a …

Objective To evaluate the long-term impact of a community-led total sanitation campaign in
rural India. Methods Local organizations in Odisha state, India worked with researchers to …

Background An estimated 2.4 billion people still lack access to improved sanitation and 946
million still practice open defecation. The World Health Organization (WHO) commissioned …