Our goals were:(i) to determine whether sublethal concentrations of water-borne ammonia
would prevent the formation of a dominance hierarchy, or alter its structure, in groups of 4 …

In fish, fast starts are brief, sudden accelerations during predator–prey encounters. They
serve for escape and predation and are therefore ecologically important movements. Fast …

Seabream and turbot juveniles (40–520 g) were exposed to constant exogenous NH3-N
concentrations (1.27–4.27 mmol/l; pH, 8.15). In 96 hr acclimated fish, plasma TA-N (total …

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of ammonia and water hardness on
endocrine, osmoregulatory and metabolic parameters in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) …

Turbot juveniles were exposed to four ammonia concentrations [0· 17 (L), 0· 34 (M), 0· 73
(MH) and 0· 88 (H) mg l− 1 NH3‐N] for different exposure durations (28 days minimum to 84 …

Ammonia is an environmental pollutant that is toxic to all aquatic animals. The toxic effects of
ammonia can be modulated by other physiological processes such as feeding and …

We examined the acute physiological responses to high environmental ammonia (HEA),
particularly the linkages between branchial ammonia fluxes and unidirectional Na+ fluxes …

Acute toxicity bioassays in which fish were exposed to short-term cyclic fluctuations of
ammonia were conducted on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and on cutthroat trout (S …

Due to eutrophication, high environmental ammonia (HEA) has become a frequent problem
in aquatic environments, especially in agricultural or densely populated areas. During …

Present fresh water ammonia standards have been established using data collected from
toxicity tests on unfed fish. Ammonia, however, is an unusual toxicant as it is produced as a …