Extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are the final components of the
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation cascade, an integral module in a …

IRAK4 is a member of IL-1 receptor (IL-1R)–associated kinase (IRAK) family and has been
shown to play an essential role in Toll-like receptor (TLR)–mediated signaling. We recently …

Macrophages are a crucial component of the innate immune system in sensing pathogens
and promoting local and systemic inflammation. RIPK1 and RIPK3 are homologous kinases …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a recently described receptor class involved in the regulation
of innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we demonstrate that arrestin-2 and GRK5 (G protein …

Following pathogen infection or tissue damage, the stimulation of pattern recognition
receptors on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm of innate immune cells activates members …

A member of the IL‐1 receptor (IL‐1R)‐associated kinase (IRAK) family, IRAK4, has been
shown to play an essential role in Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐mediated signaling. IRAK4 …

The interleukin receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) family are involved in regulating Toll-like
receptor (TLR) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) signalling pathways. TLRs are pattern recognition …

Interleukin-1 receptor–associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) plays a critical role in innate immune
signaling by Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and loss of IRAK4 activity in mice and humans …

The innate immune system is equipped with sensitive and efficient machineries to provide
an immediate, first line defense against infections. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) detect …

Interleukin-1 receptor–associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4) was reported to be essential for the Toll-
like receptor (TLR)–and T cell receptor (TCR)–mediated signaling leading to the activation …