MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Balb/c mice, 6–8-week-old (Harlan laboratories,
Madison, WI) were used in this study. Mice received a daily topical dose of 62.5 mg of …

Recent studies implicate the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in the control
of inflammatory responses following Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation in myeloid cells but …

Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE), and asthma are chronic and often progressive diseases associated …

Highlights•Preclinical studies support us of PI3K inhibitors in autoimmunity and
inflammation.•First in class PI3K inhibitor has been approved for treatment of B cell …

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by keratinocyte proliferation and
inflammatory cell infiltration induced by IL-17. However, the molecular mechanism through …

Global environmental pollution has led to human exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation due
to the damaged ozone layer, thereby increasing the incidence and death rate of skin cancer …

Abstract The PI3K/AKT signaling module is recruited by several receptors implicated in
maintaining tissue and metabolic homeostasis and signaling pathways controlling immune …

Accumulating data on cellular and molecular pathways help to develop novel therapeutic
strategies in skin inflammation and autoimmunity. Examples are psoriasis and atopic …

The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway plays an essential role in a wide range of biological functions,
including metabolism, macromolecular synthesis, cell growth, proliferation and survival. Its …

Metabolic alterations could profoundly affect immune functions and influence the
progression and outcome of autoimmune diseases. However, the detailed mechanisms and …