More than 100 yr have passed since parenteral iron was first given to humans (1). Fifty yr
ago, carbohydrate was first coupled to iron oxide (2), reducing the fierce toxicity of ferric iron …

Anaemia is a common problem in patients with renal failure, whether or not they are on
dialysis. There is a continuum of declining renal function. In addition, the creatinine …

Purpose: Dialysis patients may experience anemia due to functional iron deficiency, which
occurs in the presence of sufficient iron stores but not enough circulating iron to provide …

There is a strong association between anemia and cardiovascular complications in
hemodialysis patients. An important component of successful anemia management is …

Current guidelines give evidence-based advice on how best to manage anaemia in patients
with renal disease, but these guidelines do not consider individual patient needs, so …

Iron deficiency is a common cause of delayed or diminished response to erythropoietin
(EPO) in hemodialysis patients. Although oral iron is often prescribed to replete iron stores …

Objective: To observe the efficacies of erythropoietin combined intravenous vitamin C in
therapy of maintenance hemodiabysis (MHD) in patients with iron overload. Methods: Thirty …

Iron overload in renal failure patients: Changes since the introduction of erythropoietin
therapy. Iron overload was a common complication in patients with chronic renal failure …

Aim Higher dosages of erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs) have been associated with
adverse effects. Intravenous iron is used to optimize ESA response and reduces ESA doses …

Anaemia is a common problem in patients with renal failure, whether or not they are on
dialysis. There is a continuum of declining renal function. In addition, The creatinine …