Highlights•Phenotypic plasticity in different traits does not evolve independently.•Correlation
between plastic responses of traits may result from pleiotropy or linkage.•Traits with a shared …

Highlights•Phenotypic plasticity can influence the rate of evolution of insects.•The rate of
evolution will depend on how plasticity alters the strength of selection.•The response to …

▪ Abstract Changes in genes and in developmental processes generate the phenotypic
variation that is sorted by natural selection in adaptive evolution. We review several case …

Phenotypic plasticity, the capacity of a single genotype to exhibit variable phenotypes in
different environments, is common in insects and is often highly adaptive. Here we review …

Phenotypic plasticity in general and polyphenic development in particular are thought to
play important roles in organismal diversification and evolutionary innovation. Focusing on …

I outline how understanding the mechanism of behavioural plasticity is important for
predicting how organisms will respond to rapidly changing and novel environments. I define …

Highlights•We provide a conceptual framework to examine correlated behavioural
plasticities.•We summarize conditions likely to give rise to them and highlight testable …

We argue that phenotypic plasticity should be broadly construed to encompass a diversity of
phenomena spanning several hierarchical levels of organization. Despite seemingly …

TN Ananthakrishnan Flat No. 6, Dwarka, 42 (Old No. 22), Kamdar Nagar, Nungambakkam,
Chennai 600034, India; e-mail: ananththrips@ yahoo. comIntroductionAll species exhibit …

Behavioural traits are characterized by their labile expression: behavioural responses can,
in principle, be up-and down-regulated in response to moment-to-moment changes in …