Glucose enters the endothelium via a non-insulin sensitive GLUT-1 facilitated transporter
that transports glucose continuously. Extracellular hyperglycemia is positively correlated …

Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and hyperglycaemia
is being more and more acknowledged as a mediator of vessel damage. It is becoming …

Oxidative stress is the result of increased production of free radicals, which impair the cell
function and cause many pathological conditions and diseases. The development of …

Endothelium, the inner layer of the vasculature, represents the interface between blood and
organ systems and it is active in the process of contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth …

Several mechanisms seem to be involved in the development of oxidative stress in the
presence of elevated glucose concentrations, namely glucose autoxidation, protein …

Vascular complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes
mellitus. Diabetic microvascular complications include diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and …

Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia are significant and independent risk factors for the vascular
complications in patients with diabetes. They have been suggested to cause cardiovascular …

Vascular endothelial cell (VEC) dysfunction in diabetes has been associated with
hyperglycaemia-induced intra-and extracellular glycation of proteins and to overproduction …

Diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia, chronic oxidative stress, and inflammation; all
of them contribute to the development of microvascular (neuropathy, retinopathy, and …

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of disease/mortality worldwide. It is generally
accepted that increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has an important role …