The re-creation of physiological cellular microenvironments that truly resemble complex in
vivo architectures is the key aspect in the development of advanced in vitro organotypic …

Understanding complex cell–cell interactions and physiological microenvironments is critical
for the development of new therapies for treating human diseases. Current animal models …

Organ-on-a-chip engineering aims to create artificial living organs that mimic the complex
and physiological responses of real organs, in order to test drugs by precisely manipulating …

Organs-on-chips (OoCs) are microfluidic devices that contain bioengineered tissues or parts
of natural tissues or organs and can mimic the crucial structures and functions of living …

Bioprinting technology is the most advanced technology for producing biomimetic cellular
constructs. This technology can produce computer designed 3D structures with multiple …

State-of-the-art microfabrication and additive manufacturing technologies have enabled the
development of novel tissue engineering approaches for biomedical research. Two such …

Organ-on-a-chip engineering employs microfabrication of living tissues within microscale
fluid channels to create constructs that closely mimic human organs. With the advent of 3D …

Prodigious progress in the past decade has pronounced 3D printing as one of the most
promising technique for assembling biological materials in a complex layout that mimics …

Highlights•Bioprinting can be used to fabricate organ-on-a-chip models owing to its ability to
print multiple materials and cell types simultaneously with good spatial resolution and …

Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing is an ideal technology for building flexible,
complex, monolithic devices. Organs-on-chips (OOCs) are biomimetic microsystems that …