1426 Multiple Sclerosis Journal 19 (11) on the evening news, reiterating the apparent
efficacy of the “liberation procedure”, any reservations about the procedure almost invariably …

In the case of CCSVI, all of these criteria are either not, or only partially, fulfilled: 5 a) the
discrepancy of results is against criterion 1; b) the lack of reproducibility against criterion 2 …

Zivadinov and Weinstock-Guttman 859 of healthy controls and patients with other neurologic
diseases. 13 The binary variable construction of the CCSVI diagnosis (yes/no) is probably …

Dear Sirs, The hypothesis of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) as a
primary cause of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been recently introduced [8]. The CCSVI might …

COVER STORY al has been the most commonly used imaging modality for this purpose. 13
This technique involves the evaluation of five different parameters to assess venous flow …

TORONTO—The theory that chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency, or CCSVI, could be
associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) remains largely unproven, doctors say. The …

Methods Using an Institutional Review Board-approved protocol, MS and non-MS controls
were evaluated for CCSVI. Subjects with a definite diagnosis of MS, aged 21-65 years were …

The hypothesis that extra-cranial venous flow abnormalities leading to a stagnant venous
return contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) has generated passionate …

Background Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has recently been
introduced as a chronic state of impaired cerebral or cervical venous drainage that may be …

The initial peer-review publications by Zamboni and colleagues described cerebral venous
circulatory patterns in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) that were distinct from those …