There is a growing concern by regulatory authorities for the selection of antibiotic resistance
caused by the use of biocidal products. We aimed to complete the detailed information on …

BACKGROUND: Most clinical guidelines for the use of biocides have been developed for
planktonic micro-organisms, but in nature, most micro-organisms live as surface-adherent …

Objectives To detect genes conferring resistance to biguanides, quaternary ammonium
compounds, β-lactams and fluoroquinolones in clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus …

Bacterial insusceptibility to biocides is of two types, intrinsic and acquired. Intrinsic
insusceptibility is a natural property of an organism and is shown by bacterial spores …

Definitions to describe tolerance or resistance to biocidal active substances and
disinfectants are currently not harmonized internationally. Within the framework of European …

There has recently been much controversy surrounding the increased use of antibacterial
substances in a wide range of consumer products and the possibility that, as with antibiotics …

Sir, In a recent article in the Journal, 1 Fraise considered the possible contribution of biocide
use to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. As one of the few academic research groups …

Acinetobacter baumannii is increasingly associated with various epidemics, representing a
serious concern due to the broad level of antimicrobial resistance and clinical …

Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as one of the WHO most dangerous pathogens hit-
list and considered a priority of the Public Health Services worldwide. It can cause a wide …

Antibiotics are used as chemotherapeutic drugs, and biocides are used as antiseptics,
disinfectants, and preservatives. Several factors affect biocidal activity, notably …