Background: The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) recently classified
opium use as a Group 1 carcinogen. However, much remains to be studied on the relation …

Scant evidence exists to support the association of opium use with head and neck cancer,
limited to the larynx and oral cavity. In a multicenter case‐control study—Iran Opium and …

Abstract In September 2020, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
announced that opium consumption causes cancer in humans--a conclusion drawn after …

Background. Epidemiological studies have reported inconsistent associations between
opium use and cancer risk. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis …

Background/aim: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are among the most common cancers in the
world. Many risk factors may increase the chance of developing GI cancers. In recent years …

Background Opium use has been associated with an increased risk of cancers of the lung,
oesophagus, and pancreas, and it was recently classified by the International Agency for …

Background Bladder cancer is one of the common cancers. Currently some studies found an
association between opium use and incidence of bladder cancer, however, underreporting …

Background Evidence is emerging for a role of opiates in various cancers. In this study, we
aimed to investigate the association between regular opium use and cancer incidence …

Background Opium and its pyrolysates have been investigated as potential carcinogenic
material through several studies in different body systems; however, the results were …

The carcinogenicity of opium consumption was recently evaluated by a Working Group
convened by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). We supplement the …