Defaunation alters trophic interactions between plants and vertebrates, which may disrupt
trophic cascades, thereby favoring a subset of plant species and reducing diversity. If …

Many of the forces that shape tropical forest plant communities are facilitated by interactions
with animals, which can either promote or inhibit plant reproduction and survival across …

Defaunation, driven by hunting and habitat fragmentation, poses a threat to wildlife in
tropical forests worldwide and is expected to have cascading effects on other organisms …

Animal‐mediated seed dispersal is important for sustaining biological diversity in forest
ecosystems, particularly in the tropics. Forest fragmentation, hunting, and selective logging …

Human hunting is widespread in tropical forests and can substantially alter the plant-animal
interactions that drive tree recruitment. Seed predation is a strong determinant of plant …

In tropical forests, resource‐based niches and density‐dependent mortality are mutually
compatible mechanisms that can act simultaneously to limit seedling populations …

It has been suggested that tropical defaunation may unleash community-wide cascading
effects, leading to reductions in plant diversity. However, experimental evidence establishing …

Hunting can change abundances of vertebrate seed predators and seed dispersers, causing
species‐specific changes in seed dispersal and seed predation and altering seedling …

Tropical forest degradation is a global environmental issue. In degraded forests, seedling
recruitment of canopy trees is vital for forest regeneration and recovery. We investigated how …

This synthesis builds on the preceding articles of this Special Section and has three goals.
We first review the nascent literature that addresses indirect effects of hunting for tropical …