This Review highlights the processing and integration performed by hindbrain nuclei,
focusing on the inputs received by nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) neurons. These inputs …

The essential role of the brain in maintaining energy homeostasis has motivated the drive to
define the neural circuitry that integrates external and internal stimuli to enact appropriate …

The CNS regulates body weight; however, we still lack a clear understanding of what drives
decisions about when, how much and what to eat. A vast array of peripheral signals …

In healthy individuals, energy intake is in balance with energy expenditure, which helps to
maintain a normal body weight. The brain's inability to control energy homeostasis underlies …

Body weight and adiposity represent biologically controlled parameters that are influenced
by a combination of genetic, developmental and environmental variables. Although the …

Data are reviewed that support the hypothesis that the neural control of energy expenditure
is distributed among several brain sites. This view contrasts with that expressed most …

The hypothalamus is a center of convergence and integration of multiple nutrient-related
signals. It can sense changes in circulating adiposity hormones, gastric hormones and …

For decades, increasingly sophisticated methods have been designed to address the
problem of the involvement of the brain in the physiology of energy homeostasis and the …

Maintaining energy balance is of paramount importance for metabolic health and survival. It
is achieved through the coordinated regulation of neuronal circuits that control a wide range …

Hunger, driven by negative energy balance, elicits the search for and consumption of food.
While this response is in part mediated by neurons in the hypothalamus, the role of specific …