Compared with traditional monolayer cell culture, the three-dimensional tumor spheroid has
emerged as an essential in vitro model for cancer research due to the recapitulation of the …

Biomaterial-based tissue culture platforms have emerged as useful tools to mimic in vivo
physiological microenvironments in experimental cell biology and clinical studies. We …

Cancer cell spheroids present a relevant in vitro model of avascular tumors for anti-cancer
drug testing applications. A detailed protocol for producing both mono-culture and co-culture …

Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTs) have been employed in biomedical fields owing to
their advantage in designing a three-dimensional (3D) solid tumor model. For controlling …

Three-dimensional culture systems bridge the experimental gap between in vivo and in vitro
physiology. However, nonstandardized formation and limited downstream adaptability of 3D …

Three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids offer unprecedented capability for drug screening
because of their unique features such as spatial 3D structure, relevant physiological …

Tumor spheroids are three-dimensional clusters of cancer cells that exhibit characteristics of
poorly perfused tumors and hence present a relevant model for testing the efficacy of anti …

New cancer drug approval rates are≤ 5% despite significant investments in cancer
research, drug discovery and development. One strategy to improve the rate of success of …

In vivo tumors develop in a three-dimensional manner and have unique and complex
characteristics. Physico-biochemical barriers on tumors cause drug resistance and limit drug …

Improved in vitro models are needed to better understand cancer progression and bridge
the gap between in vitro proof-of-concept studies, in vivo validation, and clinical application …