Fixed effects, random effects and GEE: What are the differences?

JC Gardiner, Z Luo, LA Roman - Statistics in medicine, 2009 - Wiley Online Library
For analyses of longitudinal repeated‐measures data, statistical methods include the
random effects model, fixed effects model and the method of generalized estimating …

Statistical analysis of correlated data using generalized estimating equations: an orientation

JA Hanley, A Negassa, MDB Edwardes… - American journal of …, 2003 - academic.oup.com
The method of generalized estimating equations (GEE) is often used to analyze longitudinal
and other correlated response data, particularly if responses are binary. However, few …

Estimation of the causal effect of a time-varying exposure on the marginal mean of a repeated binary outcome

JM Robins, S Greenland, FC Hu - Journal of the American …, 1999 - Taylor & Francis
We provide sufficient conditions for estimating from longitudinal data the causal effect of a
time-dependent exposure or treatment on the marginal probability of response for a …

Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes

SL Zeger, KY Liang - Biometrics, 1986 - JSTOR
Longitudinal data sets are comprised of repeated observations of an outcome and a set of
covariates for each of many subjects. One objective of statistical analysis is to describe the …

Regression for longitudinal data: a bridge from least squares regression

DD Dunlop - The American Statistician, 1994 - Taylor & Francis
Longitudinal studies play a prominent role in biomedical and sociological research.
Generalized estimating equations (GEE) provide a regression methodology to analyze the …

Common pitfalls in statistical analysis: Odds versus risk

P Ranganathan, R Aggarwal… - Perspectives in clinical …, 2015 - journals.lww.com
In biomedical research, we are often interested in quantifying the relationship between an
exposure and an outcome.“Odds” and “Risk” are the most common terms which are used as …

Goodness-of-fit tests for GEE modeling with binary responses

HX Barnhart, JM Williamson - Biometrics, 1998 - JSTOR
Analysis of data with repeated measures is often accomplished through the use of
generalized estimating equations (GEE) methodology. Although methods exist for assessing …

Longitudinal data analysis. A comparison between generalized estimating equations and random coefficient analysis

JWR Twisk - European journal of epidemiology, 2004 - Springer
The analysis of data from longitudinal studies requires special techniques, which take into
account the fact that the repeated measurements within one individual are correlated. In this …

[HTML][HTML] No solution yet for combining two independent studies in the presence of heterogeneity

A Gonnermann, T Framke, A Großhennig… - Statistics in …, 2015 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Meta-analysis plays an important role in the analysis and interpretation of clinical trials in
medicine and of trials in the social sciences but is of importance in other fields (eg, particle …

Application of GEE procedures for sample size calculations in repeated measures experiments

J Rochon - Statistics in medicine, 1998 - Wiley Online Library
Derivation of the minimum sample size is an important consideration in an applied research
effort. When the outcome is measured at a single time point, sample size procedures are …