Major progress has been made during the past three decades in understanding the
inflammatory process and pathogenetic mechanisms in multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized clinically by the accumulation of
neurological disability without unequivocal recovery. Understanding the mechanisms that …

In multiple sclerosis (MS) disability results from neuronal and axonal loss, the hallmark of
neurodegenerative diseases (ND). Neurodegeneration is initiated by microglia activation …

The focus of multiple sclerosis (MS) research has been on attempts to identify the specific
pathogenic mechanism responsible for producing the multifocal central nervous system …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that
involves demyelination and axonal degeneration. Although substantial progress has been …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory-mediated demyelinating disease of the human
central nervous system. The clinical disease course is variable, usually starts with reversible …

In contrast to the multiple disease-modifying therapies that are available for relapsing–
remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), the therapeutic options for progressive MS (PMS) are …

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS),
including recent insights into its molecular neuropathology and immunology. It shows that all …

CNS inflammation is a major driver of MS pathology. Differential immune responses,
including the adaptive and the innate immune system, are observed at various stages of MS …

Despite the large number of immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive treatments available
to treat relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), treatment of the progressive phase of the …