Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are well-known regulators of embryonic growth and
differentiation. IGF function is closely related to insulin action. IGFs are available to the …

Women with type 1 diabetes are subfertile. Diabetes negatively affects pregnancy by
causing early miscarriage and poor prenatal outcomes. In this study we examine …

Background: Diabetes in pregnancy affects fetal growth and development. The
insulin/insulin-like growth factors (IGF) system comprising insulin, IGF, their receptors, and …

The insulin/IGF system plays a critical role in embryo growth and development. We have
investigated the expression of insulin receptor (IR) and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and the …

Insulin‐like growth factors (IGF‐I and IGF‐II) play an important regulatory role in fetal growth
and development. Alterations in expression of these growth factors may result in …

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are fetal hormones critical to establishing
normal fetal growth. Experimentally elevated IGF-1 concentrations during late gestation …

Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) in
mouse preimplantation development. We examined IGF-1 and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) gene …

The sensitive mRNA phenotyping technique of reverse transcription–polymerase chain
reaction was used to demonstrate that insulin receptor mRNA is present in rat embryos …

Matemal diabetes is associated in humans and rats with an increased risk for fetal growth
abnormalities and malformations. Therefore, the effect of maternal diabetes on expression of …

The addition of insulin during in vitro culture has beneficial effects on rabbit preimplantation
embryos leading to increased cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis. We have previously …