After being activated, microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) fail to acquire an anti-
inflammatory phenotype, and bone marrow–derived monocytes must be recruited for …

Although microglial activation occurs in inflammatory, degenerative and neoplastic central
nervous system (CNS) disorders, its role in pathogenesis is unclear. We studied this …

Pro-inflammatory T cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are causally associated with
multiple demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases,,,,–, but the pathways that control …

The cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) regulates the development and
homeostasis of several tissue-resident macrophage populations, including microglia. TGF-β …

Microglia and astrocytes modulate inflammation and neurodegeneration in the central
nervous system (CNS),–. Microglia modulate pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic activities in …

Macrophages reside in the meninges—the highly vascularized membranes that protect the
central nervous system (CNS). In Immunity, Rebejac et al. use a model of acute infection …

Type III interferon (IFN-λ) induces signaling cascades and antiviral functions that are very
similar to those induced by type I interferon, but signal through a unique IFN-λR1–IL-10Rβ …

Little is known about how pathogenic T cells gain access to the uninflamed brain in multiple
sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. A new study reports that …

The formation of germinal centers (GCs) in response to immune challenge is diminished in
older people, eliciting weaker antibody and memory cell responses. In Science Immunology …

The endogenous microenvironment of the brain is an essential watchdog to guard over
myeloid cell function during diseases. Limiting inflammatory reactions of activated microglia …