Distinguishing between adaptive and maladaptive cardiovascular response to exercise is
crucial to prevent the unnecessary termination of an athlete's career and to minimize the risk …

Sports cardiology is one of the most challenging fields in clinical cardiology, where both
knowledge and experience deal with difficult scenarios in a daily basis. This special issue …

Objectives Distinguishing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) from left ventricular
hypertrophy (LVH) due to systematic training (athlete's heart, AH) from morphologic …

Purpose There is a direct reverse dose-effect relationship between the amount of physical
activity and cardiovascular risk. It is unknown whether this is true for extreme, persistent …

Background Physiological cardiac adaptation in athletes is influenced by body surface area,
gender, age, training intensity and sport type. This study assesses the influence of sport …

The athlete's heart is a condition characterized by a spectrum of morphologic and functional
cardiac adaptations as a response to intensive exercise. Cardiac adaptations differ …

Background While cardiac MRI provides invaluable insight into cardiac structure, function
and increasingly hemodynamics, it remains to be challenging to assess cardiac response to …

Purpose of review Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is frequently used in the
investigation of suspected cardiac disease in athletes. In this review, we discuss how CMR …

Objectives This study analyzed the prevalence and pattern of focal and potential diffuse
myocardial fibrosis detected by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and extracellular …

A better understanding of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) functioning would
help with the differentiation between athlete's heart and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We …