Patients with Crohn's disease who suffer from longstanding diarrhoea that does not respond
to conventional treatment pose a common clinical problem. Bile acid malabsorption is a …

Primary biliary cholangitis is a cholestatic, chronic autoimmune liver disease with a wide
individual variation in disease progression. The diagnosis is predominantly based on …

Bile acids (BAs) are synthesized from the liver to aid in fat and fat-soluble vitamin
solubilization and absorption. Approximately 95% of the unbound BAs are reabsorbed via …

Bile acids normally undergo enterohepatic circulation. When this circulation is interrupted,
bile acids enter the colon in increased concentrations. Here, they produce Cl–secretion by a …

Background About one‐third of patients with IBS‐diarrhoea (irritable bowel syndrome‐D)
have evidence of increased bile acid synthesis or excretion. Aims To assess effects of the …

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an archetypal autoimmune disease. Chronic lymphocytic
cholangitis is associated with interface hepatitis, ductopenia, cholestasis, and progressive …

Background & aims Obeticholic acid (OCA) is the second-line treatment approved for
patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and an inadequate response or intolerance to …

The last 30 years have seen major developments in the management of gallstone-related
disease, which in the United States alone costs over 6 billion dollars per annum to treat …

Obeticholic acid (OCA), a potent farnesoid X receptor agonist, was studied as monotherapy
in an international, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 2 study in patients …

Background & Aims Thirty-to-forty percent of patients with primary biliary cholangitis
inadequately respond to ursodeoxycholic acid. Our aim was to assemble national, real …