Introduction: Poor blood flow rate (PF) is highly prevalent among CKD 5D patients with long‐
term central venous catheters. Heparin catheter lock solutions are commonly used to …

Purpose Tunneled dialysis catheters (TDCs) continue to be utilized at an alarming rate
despite having a higher rate of complications when compared to fistulas and grafts. One of …

Heparin and citrate are used as catheter lock solutions to reduce risk of catheter dysfunction
and infection in hemodialysis. There is a paucity of data comparing these two locks in the …

Background: We previously reported a reduction in central venous catheter (CVC)
malfunction when using once-weekly recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA) as a …

Background A significant proportion of incident and prevalent hemodialysis patients have
central venous catheters for vascular access. No consensus is available on the prevention of …

In recent years, the number of patients on hemodialysis (HD) with central vascular catheters
(CVCs) has grown. However, CVC use is often associated with an important risk for catheter …

Background and Purpose: Catheter-related bloodstream infection is the greatest threat to the
safety of patients on hemodialysis. Catheter lock solutions containing heparin have been …

Purpose The effects of heparin versus sodium citrate 4% as a lock solution on catheter-
related infections (CRIs), catheter patency, and hospitalizations in long-term hemodialysis …

Background Citrate solution has been suggested as an effective and safe catheter lock in
hemodialysis. However, whether a citrate lock is superior to a heparin lock in preventing …

Background Central venous catheters (CVC) are the only option when hemodialysis is
needed for patients without definitive vascular access. However, CVC is associated with …