Both nicotine and various non-nicotine smoking factors are believed to contribute to tobacco
addiction but their relative roles remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to help …

We investigated the role of nicotine dose and sensory cues in the regulation of ad lib smoke
intake. The smoking behavior of 12 adult male smokers was assessed in three conditions …

Although nicotine is generally considered to be the main psychoactive component of
tobacco, growing evidence highlights the importance of nonnicotine compounds in smoking …

Nicotine, as the main component of tobacco, plays a key role in various behaviors of both
humans and animals including reward, addiction, learning and memory, anxiety, pain as …

Rationale The mechanisms mediating tobacco addiction remain elusive. Nicotine, the
psychoactive component in tobacco, is generally believed to be the main cause of reward …

Rational The addictive nature of smoking is characterized by responses to cigarette stimuli
that significantly impede smoking cessation efforts. Studies have shown that smokers are …

METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-eight participants came to the laboratory for four sessions
that presented a 2 (ethanol 0.5 g/kg versus placebo) 2 (nicotine-containing versus …

Previous studies have indicated that blockade of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of
glutamate receptors prevents acquisition of instrumental behaviors reinforced by food and …

Glutamate is the main excitatory transmitter in the human brain. Drugs that affect the
glutamatergic signaling will alter neuronal excitability. Ethanol inhibits glutamate receptors …

Nicotine self‐administration causes adaptation in the mesocorticolimbic glutamatergic
system, including the up‐regulation of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits. We therefore …