Coral reefs are highly dynamic ecosystems that are regularly exposed to natural
perturbations. Human activities have increased the range, intensity, and frequency of …

The diversity, frequency, and scale of human impacts on coral reefs are increasing to the
extent that reefs are threatened globally. Projected increases in carbon dioxide and …

Human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and changing land use
have dramatically altered the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases such as …

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is expected to exceed 500 parts per million and
global temperatures to rise by at least 2° C by 2050 to 2100, values that significantly exceed …

Many physiological responses in present-day coral reefs to climate change are interpreted
as consistent with the imminent disappearance of modern reefs globally because of annual …

Coral reef ecosystems are among the most biologically diverse ecosystems on the planet. In
addition to their value in terms of biodiversity, coral reefs provide food and resources for over …

Call to protect all coral reefs | Nature Climate Change Skip to main content Thank you for
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Coral reefs are iconic, threatened ecosystems that have been in existence for∼ 500 million
years, yet their continued ecological persistence seems doubtful at present. Anthropogenic …

Climate change threatens coral reefs by causing heat stress events that lead to widespread
coral bleaching and mortality. Given the global nature of these mass coral mortality events …

Coral reefs are found in a wide range of environments, where they provide food and habitat
to a large range of organisms as well as providing many other ecological goods and …