Immunological memory is classically attributed to adaptive immune responses, but recent
studies have shown that challenged innate immune cells can display long-term functional …

Highlights•Cells from the innate immune system can undergo functional reprogramming.•
Trained immunity involves rewiring the intracellular immune signaling of innate immune …

The last few years have witnessed an increasing body of evidence that challenges the
traditional view that immunological memory is an exclusive trait of the adaptive immune …

Exposing innate immune cells to an initial insult induces a long-term proinflammatory
response due to metabolic and epigenetic alterations which encompass an emerging new …

Over the past decade, compelling evidence has unveiled previously overlooked adaptive
characteristics of innate immune cells. Beyond their traditional role in providing short, non …

The classical view that only adaptive immunity can build immunological memory has
recently been challenged. Both in organisms lacking adaptive immunity as well as in …

During the last few years, a growing body of evidence has shown that immunological
memory is not an exclusive trait of lymphocytes, as many inflammatory insults can alter the …

The mechanisms underlying innate immune memory have been extensively explored in the
last decades but are in fact largely unknown. Although the specificity of adaptive immune …

In the last two decades,“Immunometabolism” has emerged as a continuously increasing
area of research with significant impact on biomedicine [1, 2]. The term immunometabolism …

Traditionally, the innate and adaptive immune systems are differentiated by their specificity
and memory capacity. In recent years, however, this paradigm has shifted: Cells of the …