Signaling pathways consist of a chain of biochemical events that form the intracellular
equivalent of a fire bucket brigade. An initial change or chemical signal outside the cell is …

In eukaryotes, the nuclear membrane provides a physical barrier to the passive diffusion of
macromolecules from and into the cytoplasm. Nucleocytoplasmic traffic occurs through …

Macromolecules enter or leave the nucleus by using nuclear localization signals (NLS), or
nuclear export signals (NES), respectively. Different types of NLS and NES are recognized …

To enter the nucleus, a protein must transit through one of the largest and most complex
gateways in the eukary-otic cell, the nuclear pore. Consisting of perhaps 1000 proteins (60 …

The compartmentalization of proteins within the nucleus or cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell
offers opportunity for regulation of cell cycle progression and signalling pathways. Nuclear …

The nucleus of eukaryotic cells contains a distinct set of proteins necessary for the
management of genes. Following synthesis in the cytoplasm, proteins enter the nucleus …

We have examined whether signal-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transport can be regulated
by phosphorylation of the nuclear transport machinery. Using digitonin-permeabilized cell …

The nuclear import of proteins through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) illustrates how a
complex biological function can be generated by a spatially and temporally organized cycle …

The trafficking of protein and RNA cargoes between the cytoplasm and the nucleus of
eukaryotic cells, which is a major pathway involved in cell regulation, is mediated by nuclear …

Recent progress indicates that there are multiple pathways of nucleocytoplasmic transport
which involve specific targeting sequences, such as nuclear localization sequences (NLSs) …