The pituitary lactotroph, a well established target for estrogens, expresses estrogen receptor-
α (ERα) and-β (ERβ). A truncated isoform of ERα, named TERP, is expressed in the pituitary …

Estrogens play an important role in regulating the growth and differentiation of normal,
premalignant and malignant cell types, especially breast epithelial cells, through interaction …

In addition to their well known control of reproductive functions, estrogens modulate
important physiological processes. The identification of compounds with tissue-selective …

Progesterone (P), acting through progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms A and B, plays an
important role in normal mammary gland development and is implicated in the etiology of …

Estrogen is essential for the growth of the normal mammary gland and most estrogen
receptor (ER)-positive mammary carcinomas. To better understand the differences between …

Nineteen years have passed since our previous review in this journal in 1999 regarding
estrogen receptors. At that time, we described the current assessments of the physiological …

Estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) interact with estrogen
receptor (ER) α and β to activate or repress gene transcription. To understand how …

The identification of the estrogen receptor (ER) in the laboratory provided a mechanism to
describe the target site specificity of estrogen action in uterus, vagina, pituitary gland, and …

Membrane-associated binding sites for estrogen may mediate rapid effects of estradiol-17β
that contribute to proliferation of human breast cancers. After controlled homogenization and …

Antiestrogens, acting via the estrogen receptor (ER) evoke conformational changes in the
ER and inhibit the effects of estrogens as well as exerting anti-growth factor activities …