How does the immune system enter the brain?

JA Mapunda, H Tibar, W Regragui… - Frontiers in …, 2022 - frontiersin.org
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is considered the most frequent inflammatory demyelinating disease
of the central nervous system (CNS). It occurs with a variable prevalence across the world. A …

The ins and outs of central nervous system inflammation—lessons learned from multiple sclerosis

V Ramaglia, O Rojas, I Naouar… - Annual review of …, 2021 - annualreviews.org
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that is characterized by the inappropriate
invasion of lymphocytes and monocytes into the central nervous system (CNS), where they …

Immune response in neurological pathology: emerging role of central and peripheral immune crosstalk

AP Passaro, AL Lebos, Y Yao, SL Stice - Frontiers in immunology, 2021 - frontiersin.org
Neuroinflammation is a key component of neurological disorders and is an important
therapeutic target; however, immunotherapies have been largely unsuccessful. In cases …

Cross-talk of the CNS with immune cells and functions in health and disease

A Matejuk, AA Vandenbark, H Offner - Frontiers in neurology, 2021 - frontiersin.org
The immune system's role is much more than merely recognizing self vs. non-self and
involves maintaining homeostasis and integrity of the organism starting from early …

Multiple sclerosis: Neuroimmune crosstalk and therapeutic targeting

M Charabati, MA Wheeler, HL Weiner, FJ Quintana - Cell, 2023 - cell.com
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central
nervous system afflicting nearly three million individuals worldwide. Neuroimmune …

Multiple sclerosis and T lymphocytes: an entangled story

L Legroux, N Arbour - Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 2015 - Springer
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the prototypic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) characterized by multifocal areas of demyelination, axonal damage, activation of glial …

Immune cell trafficking from the brain maintains CNS immune tolerance

MG Mohammad, VWW Tsai… - The Journal of …, 2014 - Am Soc Clin Investig
In the CNS, no pathway dedicated to immune surveillance has been characterized for
preventing the anti-CNS immune responses that develop in autoimmune neuroinflammatory …

The blood–brain-barrier in multiple sclerosis: functional roles and therapeutic targeting

J Correale, A Villa - Autoimmunity, 2007 - Taylor & Francis
In most regions of the central nervous system (CNS), the composition of the neuronal
microenvironment is maintained by virtue of particular blood–brain-barrier (BBB) …

[HTML][HTML] Immune cell trafficking across the barriers of the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis and stroke

MAL Pinheiro, G Kooij, MR Mizee, A Kamermans… - … et Biophysica Acta (BBA …, 2016 - Elsevier
Each year about 650,000 Europeans die from stroke and a similar number lives with the
sequelae of multiple sclerosis (MS). Stroke and MS differ in their etiology. Although cause …

Capture, crawl, cross: the T cell code to breach the blood–brain barriers

B Engelhardt, RM Ransohoff - Trends in immunology, 2012 - cell.com
The central nervous system (CNS) is an immunologically privileged site to which access of
circulating immune cells is tightly controlled by the endothelial blood–brain barrier (BBB; see …