Background Globally, millions of people have been affected by fraudulent pharmaceutical
products, particularly those in developing countries. Although the problem of falsified and …

Objective: The objective of this review is to produce evidence on the prevalence and trends
in the availability of substandard and counterfeit antimicrobials in the global market and its …

Objective To explore the evidence available of poor-quality (counterfeit and substandard)
medicines in the literature. Design Systematic review. Data sources Databases used were …

Poor-quality medicines are the cause of many public health and socioeconomic problems.
We conducted a review to acquire an overview of the situation concerning such medicines in …

The global burden of substandard and falsified (SF) medicines is only beginning to be better
understood. A 2017 literature review by WHO estimated a 10.5% observed failure rate of the …

Objectives Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health threat with
substandard and falsified (SF) antibiotics being neglected contributing factors. With their …

Substandard/counterfeit antimicrobial drugs are a growing global problem. The most
common substandard/counterfeit antimicrobials include beta-lactams (among antibiotics) …

Falsified and substandard medicines may undermine the progress toward the Sustainable
Development Goals. The present study investigated the quality of 13 essential medicines in …

Substandard and falsified (SF) medicines are a global issue contributing to antimicrobial
resistance and causing economic and humanitarian harm. To direct law enforcement …

Background Too few pharmacists receive formal training on substandard and falsified (SF)
medical products. Strengthening knowledge across pharmacists is considered a moral and …