Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming surgery, advancing robotic-assisted procedures,
preoperative risk prediction, and intraoperative decision-making. However, increasing …

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google
Scholar databases, including articles published within the last 9 years [2016–2024]. Original …

Objective: The aim of this review was to summarize major topics in artificial intelligence (AI),
including their applications and limitations in surgery. This paper reviews the key …

Artificial intelligence (AI) was first described in 1956 as the use of computer technology to
simulate the critical thinking of human beings. After an apparent lull in the technology, we …

Artificial intelligence is rapidly advancing, especially with the advent of ChatGPT technology,
and its role in the world of medicine is expanding. Within surgery, AI has the capacity to …

The capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) have recently surged, largely due to
advancements in deep learning inspired by the structure and function of the neural networks …

Artificial intelligence (AI) has made steady in-roads into the healthcare scenario over the last
decade. While widespread adoption into clinical practice remains elusive, the outreach of …

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the capability of a machine to execute cognitive processes that
are typically considered to be functions of the human brain. It is the study of algorithms that …

Background: Clinical artificial intelligence (AI) has reached a critical inflection point.
Advances in algorithmic science and increased understanding of operational considerations …

276 De Simone and Di Saverio Invited Commentary J Am Coll Surg dominated by
hypothetical-deductive reasoning based on an unpredictable interaction with the patient …