This review is an introduction to addiction, the reward circuitry, and laboratory addiction
models. Addiction is a chronic disease hallmarked by a state of compulsive drug seeking …

Since the sample size of a typical neuroimaging study lacks sufficient statistical power to
explore unknown genomic associations with brain phenotypes, several international genetic …

It is well established that addictive disorders have a strong genetic background. Multiple,
and in part interacting, genes are likely to be responsible for the disease phenotype, making …

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms that have been associated with opioid dependence (OD)
altogether account for only a small proportion of the known heritability. Most of the genetic …

Biological endophenotypes are more proximal to gene function than psychiatric diagnosis,
providing a powerful strategy in searching for genes in psychiatric disorders. These …

Twin, family, and adoption studies have consistently shown that genetic factors play an
important role in the pathogenesis of alcohol dependence. Numerous studies have aimed to …

Aims To illustrate how modern neurobiological approaches will help to identify the
neurocircuits and genes involved in addictive behavior. Background The current disorder …

Convergent functional genomics (CFG) is a translational methodology that integrates in a
Bayesian fashion multiple lines of evidence from studies in human and animal models to get …

Cocaine and alcohol are two substances of abuse that prominently affect the central nervous
system (CNS). Repeated exposure to cocaine and alcohol leads to longstanding changes in …

Background Vulnerabilities to dependence on addictive substances are substantially
heritable complex disorders whose underlying genetic architecture is likely to be polygenic …