Rationale Disturbances in impulse control are key features of substance abuse disorders,
and conversely, many drugs of abuse are known to elicit impulsive behavior both clinically …

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder whose three
main symptoms are impulsiveness, inattention, and hyperactivity. Although ADHD is an early …

Rationale Impulsivity has been strongly linked to addictive behaviors, but can be
operationalized in a number of ways that vary considerably in overlap, suggesting …

Two dissociable learning processes underlie instrumental behaviour. Whereas goal-
directed behaviour is controlled by knowledge of the consequences, habitual behaviour is …

Neurophysiologic processes underlie the uncontrolled, compulsive behaviors defining the
addicted state. These “hard-wired” changes in the brain are considered critical for the …

In many circumstances alternative courses of action and thoughts have to be inhibited to
allow the emergence of goal-directed behavior. However, this has not been the accepted …

We hypothesize that drug addiction can be viewed as the endpoint of a series of transitions
from initial voluntary drug use through the loss of control over this behaviour, such that it …

Although the concept of impulsivity has proved useful in human and animal studies of
addiction, violent aggression, and violent suicide, and has been recognized as an important …

Substance dependence constitutes a profound societal burden. Although large numbers of
individuals use licit or illicit substances, few transition to dependence. The specific factors …

The multifaceted concept of impulsivity implies that different impulsivity aspects, mediated by
different neural processes, influence behavior at different levels. The nucleus accumbens …