Activation of glial cells and neuro–glial interactions are emerging as key mechanisms
underlying chronic pain. Accumulating evidence has implicated 3 types of glial cells in the …

Pain plays an important role in alerting the body to potential tissue injury and drives
behavior that protects the body from further harm. In contrast, chronic pain does not serve …

Many pathological processes within the central nervous system are mediated by complex
interactions between neurons and resident glial cells. In the case of painful peripheral …

Chronic pain is a disabling disease with limited treatment options. While animal models
have revealed important aspects of pain neurobiology, therapeutic translation of this …

Neuropathic pain (NeP) is initiated by a lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system. Unlike
physiological pain it serves no useful purpose and is usually sustained and chronic. NeP …

The development and maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain involves distorted neuroglial
interactions, which result in prolonged perturbations of immune and inflammatory response …

Inhibitory interneurons in the spinal dorsal horn (DH) play a major role in regulating
innocuous and noxious information. Reduction in inhibitory synaptic transmission is thought …

Our understanding of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain at the molecular and
cellular level has developed at an extraordinary rate in recent years. Inflammatory, or …

Chronic pain is a distressing condition, which is experienced even when the painful
stimulus, whether surgery or disease related, has subsided. Current treatments for chronic …

Neuropathic pain, whose symptoms are characterized by spontaneous and irritation-
induced painful sensations, is a condition that poses a global burden. Numerous …