Modulation of plant proteome composition is an inevitable process to cope with the
environmental challenges including heavy metal (HM) stress. Soil and water contaminated …

Heavy metal contamination of soil, aqueous waste stream and ground water causes major
environmental and human health problems. Heavy metals are major environmental …

Plants take up a wide range of trace metals/metalloids (hereinafter referred to as trace
metals) from the soil, some of which are essential but become toxic at high concentrations …

Trace metal elements are essential for plant growth but become toxic at high concentrations,
while some non-essential elements, such as Cd and As, show toxicity even in traces. Thus …

The presence of different forms of heavy metals in the earth crust is very primitive and
probably associated with the origin of plant life. However, since the beginning of human …

Environmental pollution of heavy metals (HMs), mainly due to anthropogenic activities, has
received growing attention in recent decades. HMs, especially the non-essential …

The heavy metal contamination, which causes toxic effects on plants, has evolved into a
significant constraint to plant quality and yield. This scenario has been exacerbated by …

Plants are exposed to various environmental challenges throughout their lifecycle that
adversely affect their growth and development. Heavy metal toxicity reduces plant …

Worldwide, the effects of metal and metalloid toxicity are increasing, mainly due to
anthropogenic causes. Soil contamination ranks among the most important factors, since it …

When plants are subjected to high metal exposure, different plant species take different
strategies in response to metal-induced stress. Largely, plants can be distinguished in four …