The ability of a host to sense invasion by pathogenic organisms and to respond
appropriately to control infection is paramount to survival. In the case of sepsis and septic …

Many host cell types, including endothelial and epithelial cells, neutrophils, monocytes,
natural killer cells, dendritic cells and macrophages, initiate the first line of defense against …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in host defence against invading pathogens,
functioning as primary sensors of microbial products and activating signalling pathways that …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play critical roles in host defense against microbes. In the past
decade, growing numbers of in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies have been performed and …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are members of a large family of evolutionarily conserved pattern
recognition receptors (PRRs), which serve as key components of the innate immune system …

The innate immune system senses invading microorganisms by a phylogenetically
conserved family of proteins–TLRs. They are expressed in several types of cells that …

Toll like receptors (TLRs) are a family of conserved pattern recognition receptors that
recognizes specific microbial patterns and allow the cell to distinguish between self and non …

Introduction Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the recognition of microbial
products and in host defense against infection. However, the massive release of …

The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system detect host invasion by
pathogens and initiate immune responses. All of the TLRs use the adaptor MyD88 to …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been identified as a major class of pattern-recognition
receptors. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by TLRs, alone …