Background Assessing the risk of bias in individual studies in a systematic review can be
done using individual components or by summarizing the study quality in an overall score …

Abstract Background The Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized clinical trials was
introduced in 2008 and has frequently been commented on and used in systematic reviews …

Our confidence in the results of research studies is a ected by how they are designed,
conducted and reported. In ideal circumstances, all studies would accurately determine the …

Bias can arise because of the actions of primary study investigators or because of the
actions of review authors, or may be unavoidable due to constraints on how research can be …

Abstract Background In 2008, the Cochrane Collaboration introduced a tool for assessing
the risk of bias in clinical trials included in Cochrane reviews. The risk of bias (RoB) tool is …

Objectives To assess the reliability of the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) tool between
individual raters and across consensus agreements of pairs of reviewers and examine the …

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction What is bias? Tools for assessing quality
and risk of bias Introduction to sources of bias in clinical trials The Cochrane Collaboration's …

Objective The objective of the study is to assess the interrater reliability (IRR) and usability of
the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). Study Design and …

Background Different tools exist for assessing risk of bias of intervention studies for
systematic reviews. We present a tool for assessing risk of bias across both randomized and …

Background Systematic reviews (SRs) are expected to critically appraise included studies
and privilege those at lowest risk of bias (RoB) in the synthesis. This study examines if and …