Iron is a versatile redox-active catalyst and a required cofactor within a diverse array of
biological processes. To almost all organisms, iron is both essential and potentially toxic …

Bacteria that reside in animal tissues and/or cells must acquire iron from their host. However,
almost all of the host iron is sequestered in iron-containing compounds and proteins, the …

Iron is a transition metal utilized by nearly all forms of life for essential cellular processes,
such as DNA synthesis and cellular respiration. During infection by bacterial pathogens, the …

Siderophores are biosynthetically produced and secreted by many bacteria, yeasts, fungi
and plants, to scavenge for ferric iron (Fe 3+). They are selective iron-chelators that have an …

Iron is essential for the survival of most bacteria but presents a significant challenge given its
limited bioavailability. Furthermore, the toxicity of iron combined with the need to maintain …

High-affinity iron acquisition is mediated by siderophore-dependent pathways in the majority
of pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria and fungi. Considerable progress has been …

▪ Abstract Iron is an essential element for most organisms, including bacteria. The oxidized
form is insoluble, and the reduced form is highly toxic for most macromolecules and, in …

Most of the iron in a mammalian body is complexed with various proteins. Moreover, in
response to infection, iron availability is reduced in both extracellular and intracellular …

Microorganisms have to cope with restricted iron bioavailability in most environmental
habitats as well as during host colonization. The continuous struggle for iron has brought …

Preface. Iron is considered to be a minor element employed, in a variety of forms, by nearly
all living organisms. In some cases, it is utilised in large quantities, for instance for the …