Therapeutic vaccinations used to induce CTLs and treat firmly established tumors are
generally ineffective. To understand the mechanisms underlying the failure of therapeutic …

Modulation of the immune response by established tumors may contribute to the limited
success of therapeutic vaccination for the treatment of cancer compared with vaccination in …

CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an important role in antitumor immunity. Induction
of tumor-specific CTLs is one major strategy for tumor immunotherapy. However, therapeutic …

CD4+ T cells play a central role in protective immunity. In a mouse tumor model, we
previously found that tumor growth elicits natural CD4+ T-cell responses, but impedes …

Established tumors suppress antitumor immune responses and induce tolerance by
incompletely characterized mechanisms, and this phenomenon is an important barrier to …

We investigated whether secretion of multiple cytokines by CD8+ T cells is associated with
improved protection against tumor challenge. We show that antitumor immunity induced by …

Despite clear evidence of immunogenicity, cancer vaccines only provide a modest clinical
benefit. To evaluate the mechanisms that limit tumor regression following vaccination, we …

The fate of tumor-specific CD4+ T cells is central to the outcome of the host immune
response to cancer. We show that tumor antigen recognition by a subset of CD4+ T cells led …

Tumor-induced immune suppression is one of the most difficult obstacles to the success of
tumor immunotherapy. Here, we show that established tumors suppress CD8 T cell clonal …

Vaccine‐induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a critical role in adaptive immunity
against cancers. An important goal of current vaccine research is to induce durable and long …