Plants are sessile in nature, but are capable to evade from high level concentration of heavy
metals like Cd, Hg, Cu, through various metabolic pathways. Some of the pathways regulate …

Heavy metal (HM) pollution in environment occurs due to their release from natural
resources, such as rocks, ore minerals, volcanoes, weathering, and various anthropogenic …

The presence of different forms of heavy metals in the earth crust is very primitive and
probably associated with the origin of plant life. However, since the beginning of human …

Among abiotic stress, the toxicity of metals impacts negatively on plants' growth and
productivity. This toxicity promotes various perturbations in plants at different levels. To …

Plants confront multifarious environmental stresses widely divided into abiotic and biotic
stresses, of which heavy metal stress represents one of the most damaging abiotic stresses …

Rapid rise in number of industries, anthropogenic activities and advancement in agricultural
materials (insecticides, pesticides, herbicides and other chemical fertilizers) on this globe …

Metals with relatively high densities, atomic numbers, or atomic weights are regarded as
heavy metals. Among them, some metals are considered essential nutrients (Fe, Co, Zn), or …

Plants are exposed to various environmental challenges throughout their lifecycle that
adversely affect their growth and development. Heavy metal toxicity reduces plant …

Unprecedented bioaccumulation and biomagnification of heavy metals (HMs) in the
environment have become a dilemma for all living organisms including plants. HMs at toxic …

Metals like zinc, iron and copper are essential micronutrients required for a wide range of
physiological processes in all plant organs for the activities of various metal-dependent …