Recent studies indicate that cellular metabolism plays a key role in supporting immune cell
maintenance and development. Here, we review how metabolism guides immune cell …

Innate immune cells can adopt long-term inflammatory phenotypes following brief
encounters with exogenous (microbial) or endogenous stimuli. This phenomenon is named …

The interaction of bacterial pathogens with mammalian hosts leads to a variety of
physiological responses of the interacting partners aimed at an adaptation to the new …

In the environment bacteria share their habitat with a great diversity of organisms, from
microbes to humans, animals and plants. In these complex communities, the production of …

Mucosal immunology research continues its fascination with microbial metabolites. In 2019,
researchers uncovered extended functions for microbial metabolites in immunity, deepening …

Serum resistance is a poorly understood but common trait of some difficult-to-treat
pathogenic strains of bacteria. Here, we report that glycine, serine and threonine catabolic …

Highlights•Classically activated macrophages metabolically display enhanced glycolysis
and reprogrammed TCA cycle.•Alternatively activated macrophages rely on TCA cycle and …

Branched chain amino acids are the essential nutrients for humans and many animals. As
functional amino acids, they play important roles in physiological functions, including …

A deficiency of dietary protein or amino acids has long been known to impair immune
function and increase the susceptibility of animals and humans to infectious disease …