Cellular senescence defines a state of stable and generally irreversible proliferative arrest
associated with various morphological, structural and functional changes (Figure 1) …

Highlights•AD disproportionally affects women in the development, progression and clinical
presentation of AD.•Our review summarized sex differences in biological change of AD from …

Oxidative stress has been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases spanning
various fields of research. Reactive oxygen species can be beneficial or harmful, depending …

Cellular senescence, first observed and defined through cell culture studies, is a cell fate
associated with essentially permanent cell cycle arrest and that can be triggered by a variety …

Senescence is a complex cellular stress response that abolishes proliferative capacity and
generates a unique secretory pattern that is implicated in organismal aging and age-related …

Of all the proposed causes of ageing, DNA damage remains a leading, though still debated
theory. Unlike most other types of age-related cellular damage, which can hypothetically be …

Sex differences in aging occur in many animal species, and they include sex differences in
lifespan, in the onset and progression of age‐associated decline, and in physiological and …

It is generally accepted that the permanent arrest of cell division known as cellular
senescence contributes to aging by an antagonistic pleiotropy mechanism: cellular …

Nearly 50 years have elapsed since Hayflick challenged the dogma that individual human
cells were immortal by demonstrating that after a predictable number of cellular divisions …

Over a half-century ago, Dr. Leonard Hayflick described the phenotype of a finite lifespan for
human fibroblasts being passaged in in vitro cell culture (Hayflick et al., 1961), a …