Intense motivational salience attribution is considered to have a major role in the
development of different psychopathologies. Numerous brain areas are involved in “normal” …

Motivational salience regulates the strength of goal seeking, the amount of risk taken, and
the energy invested, from mild to extreme. Emotional experiences promote highly persistent …

Motivational salience regulates the strength of goal seeking, the amount of risk taken, and
the energy invested from mild to extreme. Highly motivational experiences promote highly …

Recent evidence suggests that rewarding and aversive stimuli affect the same brain areas,
including medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. Although nucleus accumbens is …

The medial frontal cortex (MFC) plays a central role allocating resources to process salient
information, in part by responding to prediction errors. While there is some recent debate …

The striatum is known to play a key role in reinforcement learning, specifically in the
encoding of teaching signals such as reward prediction errors (RPEs). It has been proposed …

Although one proposed function of both the striatum and its major dopamine inputs is related
to coding rewards and reward-related stimuli, an alternative view suggests a more general …

Rewarding and aversive outcomes have opposing effects on behavior, facilitating approach
and avoidance, although we need to accurately anticipate each type of outcome to behave …

Stimulus-reward learning has been heavily linked to the reward-prediction error learning
hypothesis and dopaminergic function. However, some evidence suggests dopaminergic …

Highlights•'Wanting'(incentive salience) & 'liking'(hedonic impact) are components of
reward.•Dopamine contributes to 'wanting'but not 'liking.'•Hypoactivity in dopamine-related …