Background. Clinical scenarios of repeated pain usually involve both nociceptive and non-
nociceptive input. It is likely that associations between these stimuli are learned over time …

Learning processes have been discussed in the context of pain chronicity for decades.
Particularly, operant conditioning has been used to experimentally induce and modulate …

Pain reduction and enhancement can be produced by means of conditioning procedures,
yet the role of awareness during the acquisition stage of classical conditioning is unknown …

Abstract Purpose of Review It has been known for decades that classical conditioning
influences pain perception. However, the precise relationship between conditioning and …

Objective To investigate the influence of expectancy of pain intensity, fear of pain (trait), and
fear (state) on the effectiveness of hidden and open conditioning to produce placebo …

Classical conditioning has a long history, but nonetheless, there is often confusion about its
precise meaning. It has often been restricted to a low-level and automatic form of learning …

Background The exact role of expectation in conditioned analgesia is still elusive as it is not
clear whether conditioning is an automatic process or rather it is cognitively mediated. This …

Prominent clinical models of chronic pain propose a fundamental role of classical
conditioning in the development of pain-related disability. If classical conditioning is key to …

Background Classical conditioning has frequently been shown to be capable of evoking fear
of pain and avoidance behavior in the context of chronic pain. However, whether pain itself …

Background Anecdotally, clinical presentations in which pain seems to be elicited by non-
noxious stimuli are often explained using a classical conditioning framework. We were …