The stress system effectively restores the internal balance—or homeostasis—of living
organisms in the face of random external or internal changes, the stressors. This highly …

Hormones are major systemic regulators of homeostatic functions. Not surprisingly, most
endocrine signals show some extent of variation across the day. This holds true for the three …

Circadian rhythms permeate mammalian biology. They are manifested in the temporal
organisation of behavioural, physiological, cellular and neuronal processes. Whereas it has …

Circadian rhythms are generated by an endogenously organized timing system that drives
daily rhythms in behavior, physiology and metabolism. In mammals, the suprachiasmatic …

Circadian clocks regulate physiological functions, including energy metabolism, along the
24-hour day cycle. The mammalian clock system is organized in a hierarchical manner with …

Metabolic status varies predictably on a daily and seasonal basis in order to adapt to the
cyclical environment. The hypothalamic circadian pacemaker of the suprachiasmatic nuclei …

▪ Abstract In mammals, a master circadian “clock” resides in the suprachiasmatic nuclei
(SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus. The SCN clock is composed of multiple, single-cell …

The circadian nature of physiology and behavior is regulated by a circadian clock that
generates intrinsic rhythms with a periodicity of approximately 24 h. The mammalian …

In mammals, including humans, nearly all physiological processes are subject to daily
oscillations that are governed by a circadian timing system with a complex hierarchical …

In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) contains a central clock that synchronizes
daily (ie, 24-h) rhythms in physiology and behavior. SCN neurons are cell-autonomous …