Recent studies in molecular and cellular biology have shown that tumor growth and
metastasis are not determined by cancer cells alone but also by various stromal cells. Many …

Background Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among females. Hypoxia
mediates cancer hallmarks and results from reduced oxygen level due to irregularities in …

Metastasis, a main cause of death in tumor patients, is a complicated process that involves
multiple steps, presenting a major clinical challenge. Tumor cells break the physical …

Metabolic reprogramming is one of the main characteristics of malignant tumors. The
metabolic reprogramming of tumors is not only related to the characteristics of cancer cells …

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed from solid cancers in the form of single or clustered
cells, and the latter display an extraordinary ability to initiate metastasis. Yet, the biological …

The interactions between cancer cells and surrounding stroma play a critical role in tumor
progression, but their molecular basis is largely unknown. Global gene expression profiling …

Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) have been suggested to be associated
with the scirrhous gastric cancer (SGC) progression. SGC have a heterogeneously hypoxic …

Radiotherapy represents a major treatment option for patients with pancreatic cancer, but
recent evidence suggests that radiation can promote invasion and metastasis of cancer …

Tumor microenvironment such as neoangiogenesis, stroma and tumor immunity has
recently gained much attention because it is significantly involved in tumor progression …

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the deadliest cancer and currently the fourth most frequent
cause of cancer-related deaths. The disease is characterized by the lack of early symptoms …