Because cross-species evidence suggests that high testosterone (T) may interfere with
paternal investment, the relationships between men's transition to parenting and changes in …

Past paternal psychobiology research has focused almost exclusively on biological,
residential fathers and the role of fathers as direct caregivers. Here, drawing on a large …

In species in which males care for young, testosterone (T) is often high during mating
periods but then declines to allow for caregiving of resulting offspring. This model may apply …

In species with a high level of paternal care, including humans, testosterone (T) is believed
to help mediate the trade-off between parenting and mating effort. This hypothesis is …

In order to study the hormonal correlates of the tradeoff between mating and parenting effort
in human males, we examined the salivary testosterone (T) levels of 58 Boston-area men …

Testosterone (T) is lower among fathers and men in committed relationships, suggesting that
the hormone mediates the trade-off between mating and parenting effort. The function of T in …

Testosterone (T) is thought to help facilitate trade-offs between mating and parenting in
humans. Across diverse cultural settings married men and fathers have lower T than other …

Recent evidence suggests that, in humans, variations in testosterone (T) levels between
men reflect their differential allocation in mating versus parenting efforts. However, most …

Objective Cross‐culturally, men's T declines in response to pairbonding and fatherhood, but
less is known about what happens to T during and after life history transitions that …

weeks after birth than in men sampled before birth, and sleep deprivation can certainly
develop during that interval (personal experience). Sleep deprivation has been associated …