The aims of the study were to evaluate the spinal anesthetic effect of caramiphen and also
assess spinal anesthetic interactions of caramiphen with lidocaine. Lidocaine, a common …

The aim of this study evaluated the spinal anesthetic effect of verapamil and diltiazem. After
rats were injected intrathecally with verapamil and diltiazem, dose–response curves were …

The purpose of this study was to estimate the local anesthetic effect of orphenadrine, an anti-
muscarinic agent, in spinal anesthesia and its comparison with the local anesthetic …

Flecainide, quinidine, and mexiletine have been shown to be sodium channel blockers and
local anesthetics. The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction of the traditional …

The underlying mechanisms for the action of caramiphen used in local anesthesia are not
well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the block of caramiphen on …

This study aimed to assess the local anesthetic effects of chlorpheniramine in spinal
anesthesia and is compared with mepivacaine, a widely-used local anesthetic. Spinal …

Although memantine blocks sodium currents and produces local skin anesthesia, spinal
anesthesia with memantine is unknown. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the local …

Although the coadministration of lidocaine with propranolol interferes with the metabolic
profile (pharmacokinetics), its pharmacodynamics is still unclear. In this report, we …

We aimed to investigate the local anesthetic effect of 2-adamantanamine in spinal
anesthesia. The dose–response curves were constructed after intrathecally injecting the rats …

Proxymetacaine and oxybuprocaine were clinically used for topical ocular anesthesia but
never for spinal anesthesia, and therefore spinal anesthetic effects of proxymetacaine and …