Background The concentration-response relationship between mortality and long-term
exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) has not been fully elucidated, especially at high …

Several recent studies in China have associated raised mortality risks with chronic exposure
to ambient PM2. 5. However, cohort evidence covering general populations and more …

Limited evidence exists for long-term effects of PM2. 5 constituents on mortality. Hence, we
aimed to assess associations between all-cause mortality and long-term exposure to PM2. 5 …

Background Many multi-center epidemiological studies have robustly examined the acute
health effects of exposure to low concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) on …

Abstract Purpose of Review Health effects of long-term exposure to ambient PM2. 5 vary
with regions, and 75% of the deaths attributable to PM2. 5 were estimated in Asia-Pacific in …

Background Evidence from cohort studies in North America and Europe indicates that long-
term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2· 5) is associated with an increased mortality …

Few cohort studies explored the associations of long-term exposure to ambient fine
particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM 2.5) and its chemical …

Background Few studies have evaluated long-term cardiovascular effects of fine particulate
matter (PM 2.5) and its constituents in countries with high air pollution levels. We aimed to …

Background The chronic effects of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) at high concentrations
remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the relationship of long-term PM 2.5 exposure with …

Background Although the association between long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and mortality
has been evaluated intensively, little is known about the socioeconomic disparity in the …